Native Plant Gardening 101

Here are a few things to consider:

Determine the Growing Conditions for Your Plant

Native plants adapt to the soil conditions and local climate, so it’s critical to understand your planting environment. Take into account the amount of light, water, and soil type in your garden. 

Research on the Species

To begin, you’ll need to research to determine which plants are indigenous to your area. Learn about the sensitivity of native plants from your local native plant society (we love our local group!). You can also contact your local nursery, garden center, or Master Gardeners for more specific information about the plants that will thrive in your climate and soil type.

Consider the Plant’s Size and Shape

Consider the size of your native plants when selecting them for your garden. You want a plant that is manageable for your space and complements your area. For example, you may want something that stands tall or more upright, while other areas might benefit from something more sprawling.

Select Plants Appropriate for the Area

Consider the location of the native plants when choosing them. Are you going to plant in the sun or the shade? Is there a risk of flooding or drought in the area? The plants you choose should be suitable for the conditions of the space.

Think About Wildlife

Consider the species that frequent your area. Native plants provide valuable habitats for wildlife. Different plants attract birds, butterflies, and other animals, so choose plants that attract the wildlife you want. Dr. Doug Tallamy of the University of Delaware wrote an inspiring book (Natures Best Hope) encouraging gardeners to rethink the way they garden and landscape to benefit wildlife and communities.

Prepare Soil for Native Plants

After you’ve decided which native plants to include in your garden, you’ll need to prepare the soil. First, it’s good to understand your soil type. From there, you can pull weeds and amend the soil with organic matter like manure or compost. Native plants typically cannot survive in wet, soggy soil, so ensure it is well-drained.

Caring for Native Plants

Native plants are typically low-maintenance and require less water and fertilizer than non-native species. Still, you’ll want to water as needed, fertilize during the growing season, and prune to keep them in shape. In addition, you’ll want to avoid planting invasive species, which can quickly take over your garden.

Different plant species require varying amounts of sunlight, water, and nutrients. Limiting disturbance to their habitat is also critical (e.g., limiting activities like walking, mowing, and digging in their natural areas). If you plant native plants in your yard, leave enough space for them to spread out, and don’t crowd them.

Otherwise, caring for natives can be a fulfilling way to garden. Here are some tips for caring for your native plants:

Watering: While most native plants are drought-tolerant, they will still need regular watering during their first year of growth. After that, they should be able to survive on natural rainfall.

Fertilizing: Native plants generally do not require fertilizers. In fact, excessive fertilization can harm the plant and the surrounding ecosystem.

Pruning: Pruning is essential for maintaining the health and shape of your native plants. However, avoiding over-pruning is critical, which can stunt the plant’s growth and reduce its ability to provide food and habitat for native wildlife.

Pest control: Native plants are often resistant to local pests and diseases. However, if you need to control pests, choose environmentally friendly methods that won’t harm the surrounding ecosystem.

Mulching: Mulching helps to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Use a natural, organic mulch such as wood chips, leaves, or compost.